Smart Cities & Biodigital Convergence: Disconnecting the Dots
What is Nanotechnology and How Does it Work?
Tiny networks of engineered machinery exist inside your body right now. It’s in all of us, and in nearly everything. It’s called nanotechnology. It has been put into our air, rain, soil, plants, animals, and into every human. Nanotechnology involves engineering and manipulating atoms and molecules at a nano scale (1-1,000 nanometers). Particles in this scale are referred to as nanoparticles. The engineering of these nanoparticles is called nanotechnology.
The nanotech inside of us, made from engineered nanoparticles, is referred to as BNT (Bio-Nano-Things). They’re also known as nanomachines. They contain embedded software for storage and performing tasks. They have transceivers to send and receive messages at the nano-level. They have the ability to reproduce. They can fabricate and replicate components and are capable of self-assembling. They are equipped with nano-sensors and actuators that use nano-scale communication technologies (Molecular Communication/ Terahertz based Nano Electromagnetic Communication). They also contain a power generator that harvests energy from the body, which can store power in cells within the nanomachine and maintain an electrical current in the software.
Image Credit: IFTF Blog
These nanomachines (BNT) inside us form networks inside our body. These intra-body nano-networks are referred to as the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT). The networks inside of us connect to networks of devices outside of us, known as the Internet of Things (IoT).
Nanosensors, biosensors, or Bionanosensors are nanostructures that detect and measure a variety of things such as chemicals, light, temperature, gases, electric fields, physical or biological materials at the nano scale. “Biosensors” are nanosensors that have biological elements in their construction.
There are several ways to categorize the types of nanosensors based on their structure and application. Nanosensors, along with nanoantennas, and nanotransceivers, form wireless nanosensor networks (WNSN’s).
Nanosensors are used in everything from medical diagnostics to electronics, monitoring water quality, weather modification, farming, to food production including packaging and transportation.
“Recently, nanosensors have taken a lot of applications in the fields of pharmacy, medicine, industry and etc. Nano sensors can be utilized to solve many human problems and treat disease as they can easily be adapted to the environment.”
Nanosensors for Chemical and Biological and Medical Applications
“Nano technology in use inside humans and animals consists of:
1. Engineered Bacteria, primarily e. COLI.
2. Genetically modified cells and proteins.
3. Man made, self assembling components using G.O. and hybrids that combine both synthetic and biological elements."
"Biosensors, as metamaterials and nanotech, enter human bodies and are assembled INSIDE, using both synthetic components and biological components, so that they may be well absorbed into the tissues, organs, bone marrow, brain and DNA itself. They cannot be cleared by the Immune System- The Immune System itself is taken over, to be replaced with a Digital Immune System, controlled by and acting on someone's remote commands.”
-Brian Mitchell
Dennis Bushnell, former Chief Scientist NASA Langley Research Center speaks in this clip about the global sensor grid containing 10-100 trillion sensors networked and monitored by satellites, all within 5-10 years, according to the Pentagon. This was recorded in 2018.
Very helpful visual aids contained here:
Example of the connectedness of the "Internet of" terms found here, which include the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT). Many separate compartmentalized subsets of the Internet of Everything (IoE) and Internet of Things (IoT) connect with each other to form one overall unified connected network.
Nanomachines communicate with each other inside the body. They also communicate with devices outside of the body. There are many types of communication employed. For the sake of simplicity, only the main types will be discussed here.
The engineered bacteria nanomachines (BNT) communicate with other nanomachines (BNT) within the body primarily through molecular nanocommunication, which involves the exchange of molecules. Molecules are released by way of molecular transceivers and detected molecular receivers.
The engineered bacteria nanomachines (BNT) inside of the body communicate with devices outside of the body primarily through Terrahertz (THz) band frequencies. Bluetooth technology and Near-field communication (NFC) are other examples of communications used in this area.
The graphene-based plasmonic nano-antennae radiate exceptionally well in the Terrahertz band. Graphene plays a central role in the IoBNT. The introduction of graphene antennae in 2004 is what really kicked off the development of IoBNT.
Graphene in relation to plasmonics (aka nanoplamonics) is key in the development and use of IoBNT. Plasmonics works on the nanoscale and involves sending, receiving and manipulating optical signals on metal-dialetric interfaces.
Efforts to develop the framework for nanoscale and molecular communication is underway by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association, known as IEEE. More specifically, IEEE P1906.1 Recommended Practice for Nanoscale and Molecular Communication Framework, which is an IEEE standards group sponsored by the IEEE Communications Society Standards Development Board. The IEEE is the single most important regulatory authority on engineering and communication standards for the entire world. They cover all nanotech, including the engineered bacteria nanomachines and how they connect to devices in the environment.
(for more on IEEE, click here)
Ian Akyildiz helped form The NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat). They describe the communication of nanomachines as such: Nanonetworks are the interconnection of nanomachines, and as such expand the capabilities of a single nanomachine.
Multiple nanoscale networks installed inside humans using Terahertz band and MAC is discussed in this document. It requires Bluetooth and Near Field Communications (NFC) which are found in smart devices such as cell phones.
For more detailed information on how IoBNT communication in THz works, please see this interview with Josep Jornet (skip the first 6 minutes):
How 5G and 6G connects to nanonetworking:
Optogenetics is an area of nanotechnology that involves using light to manipulate specific neurons to control their behavior, wirelessly re-programming the genome, and more. The optical nano-bio interfaces connect the biological networks with traditional electronic computing systems.
(Photo credit: Rabih O. Al-Kaysi, from the link below)
“It looks like a spider and scurries like a spider,
but it's actually a tiny motor made from
crystallized molecules that move when exposed to light."
Optogenetics and smartphones:
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Constructing Smartphone-Controlled Optogenetic Switches in Mammalian Cells
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Mobile phone-based biosensing: An emerging “diagnostic and communication” technology
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Smartphone based bacterial detection using biofunctionalized fluorescent nanoparticles
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Toward Next Generation Lateral Flow Assays: Integration of Nanomaterials
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Automatic smartphone-based microfluidic biosensor system at the point of care
“Your cells and bacteria have the same functionality as, let's say, computer components, but through ‘engineering’ they are enhanced.
Your body is much more advanced than you might realize.
Molecular Communications means the bacteria and cells use molecules to talk to each other.
Plasmonic antennas are placed into the blood stream.
Bacteria, cells and proteins are targetable- meaning they can be directed where to go.
Lipid nano particles (LPN's) are vehicles (trojan horses) that bypass the normal immune system response to deliver varying payloads.
E. Coli is the main engineered bacteria used in IoBNT (The Internet of BioNano Things).
There are also genetically modified cells- inserted proteins that bind to the brains neurons for light/optical brain interface in regards to blue light ‘Optogenetics’ along with self assembling man-made nano machinery. There are also ‘hybrids’. The protein ‘trick’ is much more advanced then ‘Neuralink’ (which is old technology). It doesn’t require surgery or holes in your skull.
‘Lentivirus cell’ (a special type of virus used in genetic engineering) to infect and insert new DNA code into human cells and reprogram the DNA or insert new DNA or parts of DNA of other human cells. “
-Brian Mitchell
3D Printing:
3D printing is bioprinting.
When scientists refer to printing, they're referring to 3D and 4D bioprinting. 3D and 4D bioprinting involve programmable shape-shifting nanotechnology enabled smart materials. Smart materials can change their properties according to external stimuli (such as temperature, force, moisture, electric charge, magnetic fields and pH) and/or their environment.
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Marriage of synthetic biology and 3D printing produces programmable living materials
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3D and 4D bioprinting is used in medical, engineering, food, and more.
4D printing technology in medical engineering: a narrative review
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Forever and Ever: 3D-Printed Magnetic Liquids
alternate link:
Forever and Ever 3D printed magnetic liquids from Policy Horizons
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A review on 3D printed smart devices for 4D printing
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3D bioprinting in food:
3D bioprinting in vertical farming:
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Vertical Farms of the Future Require Genetically Edited Plants, Says Scientist
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How 3D Printing, Vertical Farming, and Materials Science Are Overhauling Food
3D bioprinting in fast food:
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This 3D-Printed Chicken Breast Was Cooked With Frickin’ Lasers
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KFC moves to add 3D-printed chicken nuggets with lab-grown meat to its menu
3D bioprinting in Covid shots:
The NIH tells us 3D printed magnetic microfluids are used in the making of Covid shots. Elon Musk and his Tesla 3D molecule printer played a significant role in this:
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3D bioprinting used in the making of healthcare equipment (face masks, face shields, rapid detection kits, testing swabs, biosensors, and various ventilator components):
3D bioprinting of human organs:
More on the Science & Engineering of Nanotechnology
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“Human-engineered networking is extended by the physical properties of nanoscale communication in ways beyond that defined in existing communication standards. These include in vivo, sub-cellular medical communication, smart materials and sensing at the molecular level, and the ability to operate in environments that would be too harsh for macroscale communication mechanisms to operate.”
-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE Recommended Practice for Nanoscale and Molecular Communication Framework
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Brian Mitchell’s notes on topics covered in the Webinar:
“Graphene Antennas/Communications In Human Bodies.
Communication devices used in the human blood vessels, as of Sept. 2020.
‘Intelligent Communication Environments’ comes from 6g networks for real-time sensing and mapping of environments (and tracking humans, of course).
Graphene Based Plasmonic Nano-Antennas Used In IoBNT, Installed Inside Human Bodies, For Communications.
US Patent No. 9,643,841 issued on May 9th, 2017.
The professor says they applied for this patent but the CIA did not allow it until the CIA released it I n 2017.
Terrahertz band plasmonic nano-transceiver for wireless communications in the THz band.
US Patent No. 9,397,758 issued on July 19th, 2016.
Zinc Oxide Nanowires can be used for vibrational energy harvesting systems in nano devices used for IoBNT. They use the pulse of the heartbeat and the flow of blood through the vessels to supply this.
It’s called Piezoelectric nano-generators.
You can have many terabytes worth of information inserted and stored into your DNA.
Gold nanoparticles for memories is also mentioned here.
The professor says they are building ‘Intelligent Communication Environments’ (ICE) to greatly extend the ability to connect and communicate with IoBNT (Internet of Bio-Nano-Things) installed into people and all the other things that connect to the IoT (Internet of Things).”
-Brian Mitchell
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Reprogramming Human Cells:
“Human Cell Engineering" involves inserting new DNA code into human beings with the Lentivirus, a special type of virus used in genetic engineering. Lentivirus is a "plasmid" based on the HIV-1 virus. It is able to "infect" human cells (eukaryotic cells) and inject new DNA code into human cell DNA.
This technique, upon cell replication, would enable human cell reprogramming.
Prof. Dr. İlhan Fuat Akyıldız
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The Capability To Wirelessly Edit Your Genome:
“Your cells are the same as computing components, and they can be upgraded to enhance these functions and new ones.
And once this ‘system’ is installed, they can wirelessly edit your genome and do all kinds of things....
The molecules that are emitted by genetically modified bacteria and cells, inside the human body, are converted and read into Binary Machine Code of 1s and 0s, to inside and outside networks.”
-Brian Mitchell
DREADDS (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) & CRISPR:
“They can add or subtract anything to the DNA, and it can be done remotely via the right signal. This allows for both human and non-human animal drones. It allows for augmenting humans as needed for military missions and security, etc.
DREADDS can be remotely controlled and activated when the body is exposed to the right "signal" or frequency.
It can transfer memory. It can create any product, as long as the correct DNA sequence is inserted into a living organism. It can be controlled remotely and affect the way one thinks and acts.”
-Brian Mitchell
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Scientists Used CRISPR To Turn a Cell Into a Biological Computer
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A CRISPR/Cas9-based central processing unit to program complex logic computation in human cells
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Futuristic CRISPR-based biosensing in the cloud and internet of things era: an overview
Cello:
A human made programming language that allows doctors and others to reprogram engineered bacteria to perform whatever is needed in the human body, remotely and wirelessly.
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Bi-Fi:
Biological Internet and communication through a biological communication network embedded in human bodies. It uses an innocuous bacterial virus to send information from cell to cell.
Stanford Bioengineers Introduce Bi-Fi: The Biological Internet
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“Biological Internet and communication between hosts through a biological communication network embedded in human bodies. The idea of the Biological Internet is to stay forever active (while alive) in human bodies, using kinetic, thermal and any other energy that our bodies constantly generate and through the integrated biosensors, metamaterials and liquid nanotechnology to transmit and transmit information, signal. To turn off the Biological Internet, it's not enough for the power to go down or 5G towers, or any other part of mobile networks, but just die.
That is, there is no exception in life!
This is what they are building now and this is what they are hiding to be able to implement in all of us the necessary components that generate a signal, fed by the tissues, the heart, the blood flow, our erythrocytes, and then when a fact is done, they may announce publicly our digital, bio-synthetic implementation into the global information system of mega AI and the neural network through which it has been created.”
-Brian Mitchell​
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MI-FI is another similarly named technology:
MI-FI: Micro/Nanoscale Transceivers for Wireless Molecular Information Communications
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Regarding the self assembly of synthetic nanotech:
Priming self-assembly pathways by stacking block copolymers
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Further study: